The standard runway
Most American couples planning a Mallorca wedding start venue research 12 to 18 months out. That window isn't arbitrary: it lines up with how far ahead the island's most sought-after fincas and boutique hotels open their booking calendars, and how much lead time your own guests need for international flights.
What happens on a shorter timeline
It's not impossible, particularly outside peak July and August dates, or at newly opened venues still building their calendar. Shoulder-season dates, spring and fall, tend to have more last-minute availability than a Saturday in July booked a year and a half out.
What to lock in first
Venue and date come first, since everything else, flights, guest accommodation, vendors, gets built around them. After that, prioritize your officiant or ceremony lead and your photographer, the two vendors most likely to already be booked on a popular date.